|
D |
Small hull leaks
can be temporarily repaired by __________. |
parceling |
parbuckling |
seizing |
caulking |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
Damaged bulkheads
often take a permanent set which is independent of the panting or bulge
caused by water pressure. To control this, you should __________. |
use jacks or chain
falls to remove the set before installing shores |
install shoring
so that it pushes on the damaged bulkhead while supporting it |
place sandbags
by the bulkhead without installing shores |
install shoring
so the shoring supports the damaged bulkheads without pushing on them |
Methods and Organization |
|
C |
You must shore
up a bulkhead due to solid flooding forward. The bulkhead approximates a
rectangle. The center of pressure of the shores on the bulkhead should be
located __________. |
approximately
halfway up the bulkhead |
evenly over the
surface of the bulkhead |
approximately
one-third of the way up the bulkhead |
at the bottom
of the bulkhead |
Methods and Organization |
|
B |
You must shore
up the collision bulkhead due to solid flooding forward. The bulkhead approximates
an inverted triangle. The center of pressure of the shores on the bulkhead
should be located __________. |
evenly over the
surface of the bulkhead |
approximately
halfway up the bulkhead |
approximately
two-thirds of the way up the bulkhead |
at the bottom
of the bulkhead |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
The objective
of shoring a damaged bulkhead is to __________. |
make a watertight
seal at the damaged area |
withstand subsequent
additional damage |
force the warped,
bulged, or deformed sections back into place |
support and hold
the area in the damaged position |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
When shoring a
damaged bulkhead, effort should be taken to spread the pressure over the
__________. |
nearest longitudinal
girder |
nearest watertight
door |
minimum possible
area |
maximum possible
area |
Methods and Organization |
|
B |
Strengthening
damaged bulkheads by using wood or steel is called __________. |
battening |
shoring |
bracing |
blocking |
Methods and Organization |
|
C |
Your vessel has
been damaged and you must shore a bulkhead. You should cut the shore __________. |
approximately
1/2 inch longer than the measured length to allow for trimming |
to the same length
as the measured length |
approximately
1/2 inch shorter than the measured length to allow for wedges |
approximately
1/2 inch shorter per foot of shoring to allow for wet expansion |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
A crack in the
deck plating of a vessel may be temporarily prevented from increasing in
length by __________. |
welding a doubler
over the crack |
slot-welding the
crack |
cutting a square
notch at each end of the crack |
drilling a hole
at each end of the crack |
Methods and Organization |
|
C |
Progressive flooding
is controlled by securing watertight boundaries and __________. |
abandoning ship |
jettisoning cargo |
pumping out flooded
compartments |
transferring water
ballast |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
What must be accurately
determined to assess the potential for progressive flooding after a vessel
has been damaged? |
The integrity
of the water tight boundaries |
The operation
of the machinery space bilge level alarms |
The capacity of
the water sprinkler systems |
All of the above. |
Methods and Organization |
|
C |
Which type of
hull damage should be repaired FIRST? |
Damage to interior
watertight boundaries |
Damage below the
waterline |
Damage at or just
above the waterline |
Damage in way
of machinery rooms |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
Repairing damage
to the hull at or above the waterline reduces the threat of __________. |
continued progressive
flooding |
wind heel |
capsizing |
free surface effects |
Methods and Organization |
|
B |
Control of flooding
should be addressed __________. |
first |
following control
of fire |
following restoration
of vital services |
only if a threat
exists |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
Progressive flooding
may be indicated by __________. |
a continual worsening
of list or trim |
ballast control
alarms |
excessive draft |
excessive list
or trim |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
The order of importance
in addressing damage control is __________. |
control fire,
control flooding, repair structural damage |
control flooding,
control fire, repair structural damage |
control fire,
restore vital services, control flooding |
restore vital
services, control fire, control flooding |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
After an explosion,
repair of emergency machinery and services should be accomplished __________. |
after control
of fire, flooding, and structural repairs |
immediately, before
the emergency is under control |
after control
of fire, but before control of flooding |
after stability
is restored |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
The BEST information
on the nature and extent of damage to the vessel is obtained from __________. |
the bridge watch |
the engine room
watch |
alarms and monitoring
devices |
personnel at the
scene of the damage |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
A wooden plug
fitted tightly in the vent of a damaged tank may prevent the tank from __________. |
collapsing |
developing free
surface |
developing free
surface moment |
filling completely |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
The wooden plug
inserted in the vent of a damaged tank should be removed if you are going
to __________. |
pump from the
damaged tank |
fight a fire |
use the crossover
system |
abandon ship |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
The two factors
which make underwater hull repair difficult are accessibility and the __________. |
threat of progressive
flooding |
availability of
tools |
shape of the hull |
pressure exerted
by the water |
Methods and Organization |
|
B |
When patching
holes in the hull, pillows, bedding, and other soft materials can be used
as __________. |
strongbacks |
gaskets |
wedges |
shores |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
When plugging
holes below the waterline you should __________. |
eliminate all
water entering the hole |
only plug holes
in machinery or other vital spaces |
plug the largest
holes first |
reduce the entry
of water as much as possible |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
In plugging submerged
holes; rags, wedges, and other materials should be used in conjunction with
plugs to __________. |
reduce the water
pressure on the hull |
reduce the possibility
of stress fractures |
prevent progressive
flooding |
reduce the water
leaking around the plugs |
Methods and Organization |
|
B |
The two courses
of action if the underwater hull is severely damaged are to plug the openings
or to __________. |
secure power to
the compartment |
establish and
maintain flooding boundaries |
dewater the compartment |
ballast to maintain
even keel |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
Your vessel has
grounded on a bar. What should you do? |
Switch to the
high suction for condenser circulating water, if it is submerged. |
If you cannot
get clear immediately, lighten the ship by pumping all ballast overboard. |
Run the engine
full astern to keep from being set further onto the bar. |
All of the above. |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
Which statement
about damage control is TRUE? |
Water flowing
over the fo'c'sle bulwark is more dangerous than a hole in the hull at the
waterline. |
Water flowing
into a lower compartment on a ship is more dangerous than water on deck
or flowing into an upper compartment. |
The amount of
water entering a ship through a hole varies inversely to the area of the
hole. |
A hole in the
hull at the waterline is more dangerous than a hole below the inner bottom. |
Methods and Organization |
|
B |
Your vessel has
been damaged and is partially flooded. The first step to be taken in attempting
to save the vessel is to __________. |
pump out the water
inside the vessel |
establish flooding
boundaries and prevent further spread of flood water |
plug the hole(s)
in the outer shell |
calculate the
free surface effect and lost buoyancy to determine the vessel's stability |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
The wooden plug
fitted tightly in the vent of a damaged tank may prevent the tank from __________. |
filling completely |
developing free
surfaces |
developing free
surface moments |
collapsing |
Methods and Organization |
|
A |
If a vessel takes
a sudden, severe list or trim from an unknown cause, you should FIRST __________. |
determine the
cause before taking countermeasures |
assume the cause
is environmental forces |
assume the shift
is due to off-center loading |
counterflood |
Methods and Organization |
|
D |
Your vessel has
been loaded in a sagging condition. Enroute you encounter heavy weather
and notice buckling in the midships deck plating of your vessel. To relieve
the strain you could __________. |
take a course
which most eases the vessel |
reduce speed |
pump fuel oil
from midships to the ends of the vessel |
All of the above. |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
You are fighting
a fire in a cargo hold on your vessel. Which action is most important concerning
the stability of the vessel? |
Removing burned
debris from the cargo hold |
Draining fire-fighting
water and pumping it overboard |
Shutting off electricity
to damaged cables |
Maneuvering the
vessel so the fire is on the lee side |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
Free communication
will adversely affect transverse stability only when the flooded space is
__________. |
completely flooded |
on the centerline |
off-center |
open to the sea
above and below the waterline |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
Free communication
effect is in direct proportion to __________. |
length of space
only |
length and width
of space |
width of space
only |
neither length
nor width |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
The greatest effect
on stability occurs from loose liquids flowing __________. |
in and out of
a vessel that is holed in a peak tank |
in and out of
a vessel that is holed in a wing tank |
from fore to aft
in the tanks of a vessel |
from side to side
in the tanks of the vessel |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
The most detrimental
effect on initial stability is a result of liquids __________. |
flowing in and
out of a holed wing tank |
pocketing in a
slack tank as a vessel heels |
flowing from side
to side within the vessel |
flowing from fore
to aft within a vessel |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
Many vessels are
provided with flume tanks, which also have a dump tank located under the
flume tanks. In the event the ship is damaged, you could dump the flume
tanks into the dump tank which would __________. |
reduce the free
surface effect and raise the KG |
reduce the free
surface effect and lower the KG |
not have any effect
on free surface and lower the KG |
not have any effect
on free surface and raise the KG |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
The percentage
of the total surface area or volume of a flooded compartment that can be
occupied by water caused by damage is known as __________. |
permeability |
form gain |
one compartment
standard |
center of flotation |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
A tank with internal
dimensions of 40 feet X 20 feet X 12 feet is pressed with fuel oil weighing
54 pounds per cubic foot. What is the weight, in short tons, of the liquid? |
518.4 short tons |
11.3 short tons |
135.0 short tons |
259.2 short tons |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
Addition of weight
to a vessel will ALWAYS __________. |
reduce reserve
buoyancy |
increase GM |
increase righting
moments |
All of the above. |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
Your vessel has
been in a collision. After assessing the damage, you begin down flooding.
This will cause the KB to do what? |
Remain stationary |
Rise |
Shift to the high
side |
Fall |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
How do you determine
the weight of the vessel that is supported by the ground when a vessel has
run aground? |
This requires
extensive calculation and is usually performed only by a naval architect
not by a ship's officer. |
Determine the
point where aground and the draft at that point, then calculate it using
the grounding formula. |
Use the inclining
experiment formula and substitute the change of trim for the angle of list. |
Use the hydrostatic
tables and enter with the mean draft before grounding and the mean draft
after grounding. |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
If your vessel
is aground at the bow, it would be preferable that any weight removals be
made from the __________. |
bow |
stern |
mid-section |
All of the above. |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Your vessel is
damaged and listing to port. There is a short rolling period around the
angle of list. The port side freeboard is reduced to 1 foot. There is no
trim and the weather is calm. You should FIRST __________. |
press up a slack
double bottom tank on the port side |
fill an empty
centerline double bottom tank |
jettison the anchors
and anchor cables |
pump out a slack
marine portable tank located on the portside amidships |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
A vessel aground
may have negative GM since the __________. |
decrease in KM
is equal to the loss of draft |
virtual rise of
G is directly proportional to the remaining draft |
displacement lost
acts at the point where the ship is aground |
lost buoyancy
method is used to calculate KM, and KB is reduced |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
With damaged floating
vessels, the most important consideration is the preservation of __________. |
instability |
bilge pumping
capacity |
reserve buoyancy |
level attitude |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Intact buoyancy
is a term used to describe __________. |
the space at which
all the vertical upward forces of buoyancy are considered to be concentrated |
the volume of
all intact spaces above the waterline |
an intact space
which can be flooded without causing a ship to sink |
an intact space
below the surface of a flooded area |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
To increase the
extent of flooding your vessel can suffer without sinking, you could __________. |
lower the center
of gravity |
increase reserve
buoyancy |
raise the center
of gravity |
ballast the vessel |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
Your vessel has
been holed in #1 hold and partially flooded. The hole is plugged against
further flooding. In calculating the effect of the flooding on your transverse
stability, you should use which method? |
Compartment standard
method |
Factor of subdivision
method |
Added weight method |
Lost buoyancy
method |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
A vessel is described
as a two compartment vessel when it __________. |
has two compartments
in addition to the engine room |
will float if
any two adjacent compartments are flooded |
has no more than
two compartments |
will sink if any
two compartments are flooded |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
If the cause of
a sudden severe list is negative initial stability, counterflooding into
empty tanks may __________. |
cause an increase
in the righting arm |
increase the righting
moment |
cause the vessel
to flop to a greater angle |
bring the vessel
to an upright equilibrium position |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Your vessel is
damaged with no list, but down by the stern. There is progressive flooding
and trim by the stern is increasing. What is the effect on transverse stability
after the deck edge at the stern is submerged? |
KB increases,
increasing BM and therefore GM |
KG increases due
to the weight of the added water on deck |
There is no effect
on transverse stability. |
BM decreases from
loss of water plane and greater volume. |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
A continual worsening
of the list or trim indicates __________. |
structural failure |
an immediate need
to ballast |
negative GM |
progressive flooding |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
Your vessel is
damaged, listing to port and on occasion flopping to the same angle to starboard.
It has a long, slow, sluggish roll around the angle of list. There is excessive
trim by the stern with little freeboard aft. What action should you take
FIRST to correct this situation? |
Pump out the after
peak and fill the forepeak to change the trim. |
Press up any slack
double-bottom tanks forward of the tipping center, then fill the forepeak
if empty. |
Jettison any off-center
topside weights to lower GM and correct the list. |
Pump out any slack
after double-bottom tanks to reduce free surface and increase freeboard
aft. |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
During counterflooding
to correct a severe list aggravated by an off-center load, your vessel suddenly
takes a list to the opposite side. You should __________. |
continue counterflooding
in the same direction |
continue counterflooding,
but in the opposite direction |
immediately stop
counterflooding |
deballast from
the low side |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
Your vessel is
damaged and is listing to port. The rolling period is short. There is sufficient
freeboard so that deck edge submersion is not a problem. What corrective
action should be taken FIRST in regard to the vessel's stability? |
Shift any off-center
weights from port to starboard |
Press up any slack
double-bottom tanks to eliminate free surface |
Jettison topside
weights to reduce KG and KB |
Flood any empty
double-bottom tanks to add weight low and down |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
You are on the
SS American Mariner and involved in a collision. Your draft has increased
uniformly and there is about 4 feet of freeboard remaining. The vessel is
on an even keel and has a long rolling period. The roll is sluggish, and
the vessel hangs at the ends of a roll. Which of the following actions would
you take First to correct the situation? |
Pump out flooding
water in the cargo holds to reduce free surface. |
Pump out a slack
double bottom tank to reduce free surface. |
Flood any empty
double bottom tanks to decrease KG. |
Jettison topside
weights to increase freeboard. |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Your vessel is
listing 4° to port and has a short rolling period. There is loose firefighting
water in the hull. The ship is trimmed down by the head with one foot of
freeboard at the bow. Which action should you take FIRST? |
Jettison stores
out of the paint locker in the fo'c'sle. |
Eliminate the
water in the 'tween decks aft. |
Press up the slack
NO.1 starboard double bottom tank. |
Pump out the forepeak
tank. |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
Your vessel is
damaged and partially flooded. It is listing 12° to port and trimmed 8 feet
down by the head. It has a long, slow, sluggish roll. Which action should
you take FIRST? |
Pump out the forepeak
tank |
Press up an after,
slack, centerline double bottom tank |
Jettison the anchors
and anchor cables |
Jettison deck
cargo from the port side |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Your vessel is
damaged, and there is no list or trim. The rolling period is short. The
freeboard before the damage was 12'02" (3.7 meters). It is now reduced to
3'00"(1 meter). Which action would you take FIRST? |
Pump out the marine
potable tank located on the starboard side amidships |
Transfer ballast
from the peak tanks to an amidships centerline tank |
Press up a slack
centerline double bottom tank |
Pump out an amidships
centerline ballast tank |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
Your vessel is
damaged and listing to port. The rolling period is long, and the vessel
will occasionally assume a starboard list. Which action should you take
FIRST? |
Transfer all possible
movable weights from port to starboard |
Press up a slack
centerline double bottom tank |
Fill an empty
double bottom tank on the starboard side |
Pump out ballast
from the port and starboard double bottom tanks |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Your vessel is
damaged and on an even keel. There is no trim. The freeboard is reduced
to less than 1 foot. The rolling period is very long, and the vessel is
sluggish in returning from a roll. Which action would you take FIRST to
improve stability? |
Pump out the peak
tanks simultaneously. |
Press up a centerline
double bottom that is now filled to 15% capacity. |
Rig the jumbo
boom and use it to jettison heavy deck cargo. |
In calm seas lower
the lifeboats to the water and keep them alongside. |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
Damage stability
is the stability __________. |
after flooding |
which exists when
the wind speed is less than 50 knots |
at the maximum
load |
before collision |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
The stability
which remains after a compartment is flooded is called __________. |
damage stability |
initial stability |
intact stability |
immersion stability |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
Aboard damaged
vessels, the MOST important consideration is preserving __________. |
bilge pumping
capacity |
reserve buoyancy |
instability |
level attitude |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
When flooding
occurs in a damaged vessel, reserve buoyancy __________. |
shifts to the
low side |
remains the same |
increases |
decreases |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
You are fighting
a fire in a watertight compartment using hoses and salt water. Stability
may be reduced because of __________. |
increase in free
surface which reduces the metacentric height |
reduction of KG
to the minimum allowable |
reduction of water
in the storage tanks |
progressive downflooding |
Damage Stability |
|
B |
Your vessel was
damaged and initially assumed a significant list and trim; however, further
increase has been slow. Based on this data, what should you expect? |
The vessel will
suddenly flop to the same or greater angle of list on the other side and
may capsize. |
The vessel can
probably be saved if further flooding can be stopped. |
The slowing is
only temporary and the vessel will probably suddenly capsize or plunge from
loss of stability due to change in the waterplane area. |
The vessel will
continue to slowly list and/or trim due to the free surface effect and free
communication effect. |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
To prevent loss
of stability from free communication flooding you should __________. |
completely flood
high center tanks |
ballast double
bottom wing tanks |
close any opening
to the sea in an off-center tank |
close the cross-connection
valve between the off-center tanks |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
Jettisoning weight
from topside __________. |
lowers the center
of gravity |
raises the center
of buoyancy |
reduces free surface
effect |
returns the vessel
to an even keel |
Damage Stability |
|
A |
Reserve buoyancy
is the __________. |
volume of intact
space above the waterline |
unoccupied space
below the waterline |
difference in
the buoyant force in salt and fresh waters |
excess of the
buoyant force over the gravity force |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
Reserve buoyancy
is the __________. |
the void portion
of the ship below the waterline which is enclosed and watertight |
also called GM |
the watertight
portion of a vessel above the waterline |
affected by the
number of transverse watertight bulkheads |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
The volume of
a vessel's intact watertight space above the waterline is its __________. |
free surface |
marginal stability |
reserve buoyancy |
freeboard |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Which is an indication
of reserve buoyancy? |
Rolling period |
Metacentric height |
Righting moment |
Freeboard |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Reserve buoyancy
is the __________. |
the void portion
of the ship below the waterline which is enclosed and watertight |
a measure of metacentric
height |
transverse watertight
bulkheads |
the watertight
part of a vessel above the waterline |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
Your vessel has
run aground and is touching bottom for the first one-quarter of its length.
What is the LEAST desirable method from the standpoint of stability to decrease
the bottom pressure? |
Discharge forward
deck cargo. |
Flood an after
double-bottom tank. |
Pump out the forepeak
tank. |
Shift deck cargo
aft. |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
Your vessel has
run hard aground in an area subject to heavy wave action. Backing full astern
failed to free her. Which action should be taken next? |
Wait for high
tide and then try backing. |
Shift weight aft
to reduce the forward draft. |
Flood empty tanks
to increase bottom pressure and prevent inshore creep. |
Continue backing
to scour out the bottom. |
Damage Stability |
|
D |
Your ship of 12,000
tons displacement has a center of gravity of 21.5 feet above the keel. You
run aground and estimate the weight aground is 2500 tons. The virtual rise
in the center of gravity is __________. |
1.26 feet |
3.80 feet |
4.80 feet |
5.66 feet |
Damage Stability |
|
C |
What would have
the greatest affect on a vessel's longitudinal strength? |
Damage to the
side shell, midway between the bilge and the stringer plate |
Extensive corrosion
to the centerline deck plating |
Grounding damage
to the bilge strake, just aft of midships |
Collision damage
to the bow, forward of the collision bulkhead |
Damage Stability |
